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The World Federation of ADHD Guide 45 each dimension (see Box 3.2). The list of nine inattentive and nine hyperactive/ impulsive symptoms were derived from DSM-IV ADHD field trials. It is impor- tant to note that these field trials included predominantly school-age children only from the US. Thus, there is a certain level of uncertainty about its diagnostic per- formance to capture the latent construct of the disorder in different cultures and in other age ranges (e.g. preschoolers and adults). Indeed, this is a major criticism of the DSM classification, i.e. the lack of a developmentally sensitive perspective. There are convergent findings suggesting different trajectories for inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms both in population and in clinical samples along the life cycle. In this regard, DSM-5, for the first time, proposed a different symptomatic threshold for the diagnosis of ADHD in adults. While the threshold was kept at six or more symptoms in one or both dimensions for children, as in DSM-IV, a lower threshold (five symptoms or more) was accepted for adults. This decision reflects previous research demonstrating that adults present significant impairment even with a lower number of symptoms. 4,7 Again, the performance of these different symptomatic thresholds in different cultures was not well tested. Box 3.2 ADHD SYMPTOMS 1. List of Inattentive Symptoms a. Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes. b. Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities. c. Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly. d. Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish tasks. e. Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities. f. Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort. g. Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities. h. Is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli. i. Is often forgetful in daily activities. 2. List of Hyperactive/Impulsive Symptoms a. Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat. b. Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected. c. Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate. (Note: In adolescents or adults, may be limited to feeling restless.) d. Often unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly. e. Is often “on the go,” acting as if “driven by a motor”. f. Often talks excessively. g. Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed. h. Often has difficulty waiting his or her turn. i. Often interrupts or intrudes on others.