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14 Rohde, Buitelaar, Gerlach & Faraone Conflict of interest statement In the past year, Dr. Faraone received income, potential income, travel expenses continuing education support and/or research support from Otsuka, Arbor, Ironshore, Shire, Akili Interactive Labs, Cog- Cubed, Alcobra, VAYA, Ironshore, Sunovion, Supernus and Genomind. With his institution, he has US patent US20130217707 A1 for the use of sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitors in the treatment of ADHD. In the past year, Dr. de la Peña received income, travel expenses, continuing education support and/or research support from Shire, Springer Edit. and from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico. In the past year, Dr Lino Palacios Cruz acted as speaker for Novartis and Shi- re, took part of an advisory board for Novartis and received income, travel expenses and continuing education support from Shire. Acknowledgements Dr. Faraone is supported by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 602805, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements No 667302 & 728018 and NIMH grants 5R01MH101519 and U01 MH109536-01. REFERENCES 1. Manshadi M, Lippmann S, O'Daniel RG, Blackman A. Alcohol abuse and attention deficit disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1983;44(10):379-80. 2. Faraone SV, Kunwar A, Adamson J, Biederman J. Personality traits among ADHD adults: implications of late-onset and subthreshold diagnoses. Psychol Med. 2009;39(4):685-93. 3. Sprich S, Biederman J, Crawford MH, Mundy E, Faraone SV. Adoptive and biological families of children and adolescents with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39(11):1432-7. 4. Faraone SV, Larsson H. Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2018. [Epub ahead of print]. 5. Larsson H, Chang Z, D'Onofrio BM, Lichtenstein P. The heritability of clinically diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan. Psychol Med. 2014;44(10):2223-9. 6. Franke B, Faraone SV, Asherson P, Buitelaar J, Bau CH, Ramos-Quiroga JA, et al. The genetics of atten- tion deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults, a review. Mol Psychiatry. 2012;17(10):960-87. 7. Faraone SV, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Biederman J, Buitelaar JK, Ramos-Quiroga JA, et al. Attention- -deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15020. 8. Gizer IR, Ficks C, Waldman ID. Candidate gene studies of ADHD: a meta-analytic review. Hum Genet. 2009;126(1):51-90. 9. Bonvicini C, Faraone SV, Scassellati C. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A syste- matic review and meta-analysis of genetic, pharmacogenetic and biochemical studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21(11):1643. 10. Demontis D, Walters RK, Martin J, Mattheisen M, Als TD, Agerbo E, et al. Discovery of the first geno- me-wide significant risk loci for ADHD. BioRxiv. 2017. [Epub ahead of print].